Employee commitment to the organization: a comparative quantitative exploration of employees based on role and primary work location at multi-campus community colleges

2018 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.This comparative quantitative study explored differences in and predictors of adjunct instructors, administrators, and faculty's affective, continuance, and normative commitment to multi-campus community colleges. Extraneous independent factors included time worked at the college, highest level of education, and age. Attribute independent factors included employee type, and primary work location. Two main constructs that acted as the dependent factors in the research questions were Meyer and Allen's (1991) Three Component Model of Employees Commitment to the Organization and the employees' perception of college leaders' practices of collaboration, communication and empowerment. Research question one explored the relationship between college employment factors (employee type and primary work location) and the employees' commitment to the organization. Factorial ANOVA findings determined there were no significant interaction between the effects of employees' primary work location and employee type on the employees' affective, continuance or normative commitment to the organization. Main effects were found to be significant across adjunct instructors and administrator employee types with administrators' affective commitment to the organization being higher. Research question two explored the relationship between college employment factors (employee type and primary work location) and the employees' perception of college leader's practices of collaboration, communication, and empowerment. Factorial ANOVA findings determined there were no significant interactions or main effects between primary work location and employee type on the employees' perception of college leaders' collaboration, communication or empowerment. Research question three attempted to understand if college employment factors (employee type and primary work location) and employees' perception of college leaders' practices (collaboration, communication and empowerment) were predictors additive to demographic factors (age, time worked at the college, and highest level of education) of employees' commitment to the organization. Multiple linear regression was computed for each of the three components of commitment considering college employment factors and perception of college leaders' practices. (A) Employees' perception of college leaders' practices (β = .69), adjunct instructor employee type (β = -.19), and age (β = .13) contributed significantly to the employees' affective commitment to the organization; (B) The group of factors did not significantly contribute to the employees' continuance commitment to the organization (C) Employees' perception of college leaders' practices (β = .49), and time worked at college (β = .16) contributed significantly to the employees' normative commitment to the organization. Significant findings included differences in the employees' affective commitment to the organization between adjunct instructors and administrator employee types; and the employees' perception of leaders' practices of collaboration, communication, and empowerment were the strongest predictors of employees' affective and normative commitment to the organization

Reexamining the economic costs of marital disruption for women

Journal ArticleChanges in labor force participation and returns may have lessened divorce's traditionally severe economic consequences for women. Method. We use recent data from the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) to analyze the economic well-being of women whose marriages ended between the first and second waves of data collection

Thanks for nothing: changes in income and labor force participation for never-married mothers since 1982

Working PaperThis study examines whether the changing social and economic characteristics of women who give birth out of wedlock have led to higher family incomes. Using Current Population Survey data collected between 1982 and 2002, we find that never-married mothers remain poor. They have made modest economic gains, but these have disproportionately occurred at the top of the income distribution. Yet there is no evidence of a burgeoning class of "Murphy Browns," middle-class professional women who give birth out of wedlock. Surprisingly, never-married mothers' incomes have stagnated in spite of impressive gains in education and other personal and vocational characteristics that should have resulted in greater economic progress than has been the case. These gains cast doubt on various stereotypes about women who give birth out of wedlock

Thanks for nothing: income and labor force participation for never-married mothers since 1982

ManuscriptWe examine the changing social and economic characteristics of women who give birth out of wedlock. Using Current Population Survey data collected between 1982 and 2002, we find that never-married mothers remain impoverished. Their income growth over these years was modest despite substantial gains in education, employment, and other individual characteristics generally associated with prosperity. These results affirm the ongoing role of family structure in shaping American inequality

Shifting fortunes in a changing economy: trends in the economic well-being of divorced women*

ManuscriptIncome losses resulting from marital disruption have traditionally contributed to high rates of poverty for single women. This paper explores trends in the economic consequences of divorce using data from the 1980-2001 Current Population Survey March Demographic Supplement. Divorce still adversely affects women's incomes, but divorcées have achieved striking economic gains over the last twenty years. Newly developed econometric techniques reveal progress at all points of the income distribution; middle- and upper-class economic gains cannot be attributed to polarization within divorced women's incomes. Multivariate analyses show that progress can largely be attributed to divorcées' progress in the workforce and changing demographic attributes, rather than economic dependence on men, relatives, or income transfers. Finally, we explore the implications of these results for understanding stratification in contemporary America

Against type E

It’s generally assumed that a compositional semantic theory will have to recognise a semantic category of expressions which serve simply to pick out some one object: e-type expressions. Kripke’s views about names (Kripke, 1980), Kaplan’s about indexicals and demonstratives (Kaplan, 1989), the standard Tarskian semantics for bound variables (Tarski, 1956), Heim and Kratzer’s Strawsonian view about definites (Heim and Kratzer, 1998), even an (admittedly somewhat unpopular) analysis of indefinites (namely Fodor and Sag, 1982), assume as much. In this thesis, I argue that recent advances in the semantics of names and of quotation, and in metaphysics, give good reason to doubt there is such a category. I do so in two parts. In the first part, comprising about two thirds of the thesis, I combine two recent views, one from semantics and one from metaphysics. From semantics, I take over predicativism about names, the view, as one might have guessed, that names are predicates. From metaphysics, I take over the doctrine that there are temporal parts. Putting them together, I hold that the semantic contribution of the name ’Joan’, in a sentence like ’Joan is a barrister’, is a predicate, and in particular (and somewhat roughly) a predicate the extension of which is Joan’s temporal parts. Names are not, as is commonly thought, e-type expressions. In the second part, building on the first, I further undermine the existence of a semantically important category of e-type expressions by arguing that a construction which might be thought to mandate such a category, namely de re attitude ascriptions, in fact, when properly analysed, does not do so. I argue this by considering the nature of transparent occurrences of expressions in opaque contexts in general, and in particular by considering the phenomenon of mixed quotation. I present a new theory of it, and show how it can be parlayed into a new Fregean theory of de re attitude ascriptions. The thesis overall, then, will provide strong evidence against the semantic importance of e-type expressions either in language, or in (our reporting of) thought

Ideology and Intersectionality

Analytic philosophers increasingly make reference to the concept of ideology to think about how representational structures can lead to oppression, and argue that the distinctively pernicious functioning of things like propaganda and generic generalizations need to be explained in terms of ideology. The aim of this paper is two-fold. First, it aims to serve as an introduction to (some of) the best contemporary work on ideology in the analytic tradition. Second, it proposes a novel challenge for any such theory. The challenge turns on the nature of intersectionality: it is hard to see how to render consistent the claims that ideology creates or sustains oppression with the claim that oppression is intersectional, without making substantial modifications to extant theories. The conclusion will be that certain projects in contemporary philosophy of language need to further develop their theories of ideology

In Defence Of Ordinary Language Philosophy

Metaphilosophy, EarlyView

Cerebrovascular accident and acute coronary syndrome and perioperative outcomes (CAPO) study protocol: a 10-year database linkage between Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care, Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project and Office for National Statistics registries for time-dependent risk analysis of perioperative outcomes in English NHS hospitals

Introduction: An increasing number of people who have a history of acute coronary syndrome or cerebrovascular accident (termed cardiovascular events) are being considered for surgery. Up-to-date evidence of the impact of these prior events is needed to inform person-centred decision making. While perioperative risk for major adverse cardiac events immediately after a cardiovascular event is known to be elevated, the duration of time after the event for which the perioperative risk is increased is not clear.Methods and analysis: This is an individual patient-level database linkage study of all patients in England with at least one operation between 2007 and 2017 in the Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care database. Data will be linked to mortality data from the Office for National Statistics up to 2018, for 30-day, 90-day and 1-year mortality and to the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project, a UK registry of acute coronary syndromes. The primary outcome will be the association between time from cardiovascular event to index surgery and 30-day all-cause mortality. Additional associations we will report are all unplanned readmissions, prolonged length of stay, 30-day hospital free survival and incidence of new cardiovascular events within one postoperative year. Important subgroups will be surgery specific (invasiveness, urgency and subspecialty), type of acute coronary syndrome (ST or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction) and type of cerebrovascular accident (ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke).Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval for this observational study has been obtained from East Midlands—Nottingham 1 Research Ethics Committee; REC reference: 18/EM0403. The results of the study will be made available through peer-reviewed publications and via the Health Services Research Centre of the Royal College of Anaesthetists, London